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Herbert Kappler : ウィキペディア英語版 | Herbert Kappler
Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 – 9 February 1978) was the head of German police and security services (''Oberbefehlshaber des Sicherheitspolizei und SD'') in Rome during the Second World War. He rose to the rank of SS-''Obersturmbannführer'' and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre as well as dealing with Vatican City over its wartime neutrality. ==Early life==
Kappler was born to a middle-class family in Stuttgart in the German Empire. During his childhood, Kappler witnessed World War I, and came of age in the Weimar Republic during the 1920s. Kappler attended four years of elementary school (''Volksschule'') followed by four more of high school and graduated in 1925. He next attended a technical college and spent seven semesters studying electrical engineering. By 1929, he was a certified electrician, still living in Stuttgart. Kappler's activities between 1929 and 1931 are little known, except that he was living in Stuttgart, occasionally performing work as an electrician. Living in a major city such as Stuttgart, Kappler was a witness to the chaos of the Great Depression, the expansion of the Freikorps, and the rise of the Nazi Party. In 1931, Herbert Kappler formally became a Nazi Party member.
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